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George III. Overview and main events
Overview and main events
George III, born George William Frederick, was the King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. He was a significant figure in British history, marking a period of extensive colonial expansion, major wars, and significant domestic changes. Here is a timeline of his life and key events during his reign.
4 June 1738
Birth
George III was born in London, England, as the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover to be born in Britain and to use English as his first language.
1751
Becomes Heir Apparent
Following the sudden death of his father, Frederick, Prince of Wales, George became the heir apparent and was given the title Duke of Edinburgh. This marked the beginning of his preparation to ascend to the throne.
25 October 1760
Accession to the Throne
George III succeeded to the throne upon the death of his grandfather, King George II. At just 22 years old, he became the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and he immediately distinguished himself by declaring, 'Born and educated in this country, I glory in the name of Britain.'
8 September 1761
Marriage to Princess Charlotte
George III married Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the Chapel Royal at St. James's Palace, London. This marriage was part of a broader effort to secure alliances and stability, and the couple would go on to have 15 children.
1775-1783
American War of Independence
During this period, the American colonies declared their independence from Great Britain, leading to a prolonged and costly war. Despite his efforts to regain the colonies, George III ultimately accepted the loss in 1782. The Declaration of Independence made several charges against him, but he remained committed to his duties as king.
1788
First Bout of Mental Illness
George III suffered from a severe bout of mental illness, now believed to be porphyria. This illness led to a Regency Bill being proposed, but he recovered before it could be enacted, temporarily restoring his public popularity.
1800
Act of Union
The Acts of Union 1800 unified Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with George III as its king. This significant legislative change marked a new era in British politics and governance.
1811
Permanent Mental Decline and Regency
George III's mental health declined permanently, and he was confined to Windsor Castle. The Regency Act 1811 was passed, allowing his son, the future George IV, to act as Prince Regent until George III's death.
29 January 1820
Death
George III died at Windsor Castle, marking the end of a nearly 60-year reign. He was succeeded by his son, who became King George IV. George III was buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle on 16 February 1820.
