A period of relative calm in Europe following the invasion of Poland, during which civilians adjusted to wartime conditions.

German bombers targeted major cities in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, causing significant civilian casualties and destruction.

Governments implemented rationing and mobilization efforts to support the war, affecting daily life for civilians in terms of food, fuel, and other resources.

With many men serving in the military, women took on new roles in the workforce, contributing significantly to the war effort.

As the war drew to a close, millions of people were displaced, and refugee crises emerged, particularly in Europe.